Table 4.
Daily energy and nutrient intake of the examined children (pair-matched group) compared with recommended daily intake.
| Parameter | Children with Obesity n = 29 | Normal-Weight Children n = 29 | p-Value | EER or EAR * (Years, Intake) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal/24 h) | 1810 (1615–1960) | 1400 (1250–1542) | <0.001 | 4–6 years, 1400; 7–9 years, 1800 |
| {1395–2500} | {1180–2157} | |||
| Energy (% of EER) | 106.9 (100.0–135.3) | 86.3 (75.9–105.4) | <0.001 | |
| {77.5–170.7} | {66.7–119.8} | |||
| Proteins (% of energy intake) | 14.8 ± 2.7 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 0.149 | 4–18 years, 10–20 |
| {10.5–21.2} | {10.0–16.0} | |||
| Carbohydrates (% of energy intake) | 52.3 ± 6.5 | 53.0 ± 6.1 | 0.565 | 4–18 years, 45–65 |
| {34.6–61.9} | {40.3–60.8} | |||
| Fat (% of energy intake) | 32.8 ± 5.9 | 32.0 ± 4.9 | 0.638 | 4–18 years, 20–35 |
| {26.1–46.2} | {25.1–39.3} | |||
| Iron (mg/day) | 9.30 (8.26–10.30) | 7.50 (6.90–9.00) | 0.011 | 4–6 years, 4; 7–9 years, 4 |
| {6.00–15.5} | {6.1–10.0} | |||
| Iron (% of EAR) | 232.5 (206.5–257.5) | 187.5 (172.5–225.0) | 0.010 | |
| {150.0–387.5} | {152.5–250.0} | |||
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 79.1 ± 37.4 | 63.0 ± 23.2 | 0.040 | 4–6 years, 40; 7–9 years, 40 |
| {34.0–200.0} | {29.4–126.3} | |||
| Vitamin C (% of EAR) | 195.8 (125.6–236.7) | 145.4 (119.3–189.0) | 0.028 | |
| {85.0–500.0} | {73.5–315.8} | |||
| Vitamin B12 (µg/day) | 2.36 (1.65–3.00) | 1.80 (1.70–2.00) | 0.060 | 4–6 years, 1.0; 7–9 years, 1.5 |
| {1.11–3.79} | {1.30–4.30} | |||
| Vitamin B12 (% of EAR) | 174.0 (125.3–223.4) | 158.1 (129.8–187.4) | 0.119 | |
| {80.3–430.0} | {94.0–460.0} |
The results are presented as means ± standard deviations for normally distributed data or medians and interquartile ranges (25th–75th percentiles) for non-normally distributed variables, and as {minimum-maximum}. % of EER—percentage of Estimated Energy Requirement, % of EAR—percentage of Estimated Average Requirement. * The data are presented as recommended daily energy and nutrient intake according to Jarosz at al. [32].