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. 2018 Oct 1;3(10):12392–12402. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01451

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Treatment with ivermectin causes dermal fibroblasts to uptake extracellular glutamate and to express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor (GDNF). (a) Dermal fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of ivermectin overnight, and cell culture media was assayed to determine extracellular glutamate concentration. (b) Dermal fibroblasts were treated with or without 1 μM ivermectin for 4 days, then subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis for various neurotrophic growth factors. (c) Immunostaining results of dermal fibroblasts treated with ivermectin show an increase in GDNF expression with increasing ivermectin concentration, scale bar: 100 μM. (d) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of cell culture media harvested from dermal fibroblasts treated with ivermectin for 4 days indicates that GDNF is secreted from ivermectin-treated fibroblasts. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001; as determined by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test. Error bars show mean ± SD.