Table 1.
Overview of scales and items of the questionnaire.
| Topic | Instrument | Scales/Indices/Single Items | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychosocial working conditions | COPSOQ 1 [17,18] | Quantitative demands (scale, 4 items) | High = negative |
| Emotional demands (scale, 3 items) | High = negative | ||
| Work-privacy-conflict (scale, 5 items) | High = negative | ||
| Influence at work (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Degree of freedom at work (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Possibilities for development (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Meaning of work (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Workplace commitment (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Predictability (scale, 2 items) | High = positive | ||
| Role clarity (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Role conflicts (scale, 4 items) | High = negative | ||
| Social relations (scale, 2 items) | High = positive | ||
| Feedback (scale, 2 items) | High = positive | ||
| Social support (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Sense of community (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Quality of leadership (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Job satisfaction (scale, 7 items) | High = positive | ||
| adapted from CBI 2 [19] | Patient-related burnout (scale, 6 items) | High = negative | |
| TLI short 3 [20,21] | Transformational leadership (scale, 6 items) | High = positive | |
| Patient safety dimensions | HSPSC-D 4 [22] | Teamwork within units (scale, 4 items) | High = positive |
| Staffing (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Organizational learning (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Nonpunitive response to error (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Supervisor/ manager expectations (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Feedback and communication about error (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Communication openness (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Management support for patient safety (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Teamwork across units (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Handoffs and transitions (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Frequency of event reported (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | ||
| Overall perceptions of patient safety (scale, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| Patient safety grade (single item) | Low = positive | ||
| Safety grade in the medication process (single item) | Low = positive | ||
| TWINS Patient Safety 4 | Supervisor support for patient safety (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | |
| My direct supervisor openly addresses problems concerning patient safety in our hospital (single item) | High = positive | ||
| My direct supervisor focuses more on patient safety than a year ago (single item) | High = positive | ||
| It is important to my direct supervisor that our hospital pays great attention to patient safety (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Hospital management openly addresses problems concerning patient safety in our hospital (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Hospital management focuses more on patient safety than a year ago (single item) | High = positive | ||
| It is important to the hospital management that our hospital pays great attention to patient safety (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Do you have an individual influence on how well patient safety is implemented at the workplace? (single item) | Low = positive | ||
| Occupational safety dimensions | Self-developed indices 5 | Subjective assessment of specific protective measures (behaviour and regulations) related to infectious diseases (index, 7 items) | Low = positive |
| Subjective assessment of occupational safety measures initiated by the employer, related to own safety (index, 6 items) | Low = positive | ||
| Personal perception of the frequency of occupational risks (index, 4 items) | High = positive | ||
| TWINS Occupational Safety 5 | Supervisor support for occupational safety (scale, 3 items) | High = positive | |
| My direct supervisor openly addresses problems concerning occupational safety in our hospital (single item) | High = positive | ||
| My direct supervisor focuses more on occupational safety than a year ago (single item) | High = positive | ||
| It is important to my direct supervisor that our hospital pays great attention to occupational safety (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Hospital management openly addresses problems concerning occupational safety in our hospital (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Hospital management focuses more on occupational safety than a year ago (single item) | High = positive | ||
| It is important to the hospital management that our hospital pays great attention to occupational safety (single item) | High = positive | ||
| Do you have an individual influence on how well occupational safety is implemented at the workplace? (single item) | Low = positive |
1 COPSOQ scales (possible range 1–4 or 1–5), before calculating scale scores, scales were transformed into scores ranging from 0 (minimum value, “do not agree at all”) to 100 points (maximum value, “fully agree”). 2 CBI scale (possible range 1–5), before calculating scale scores, scales were transformed into scores ranging from 0 (minimum value, “do not agree at all”) to 100 points (maximum value, “fully agree”). 3 TLI short scale (possible range 1–5). 4 HSPSC-D scales, TWINS Patient Safety single items (possible range 1–5). 5 Self-developed indices, TWINS Occupational Safety single items (possible range 1–5).