Table 3.

Associations among surrogate measures of muscle quality, body composition estimates, and metabolic parameters.

		Insulin c	Glucose c	QUICKI c	OGTT c,f	TC	LDL	HDL	TG
Echogenicity a	r	−0.20	−0.33	0.31	0.43	−0.29	−0.13	−0.52	−0.03
	p-value	0.438	0.116	0.161	0.018 *	0.114	0.496	0.003 *	0.875
IMAT b,c	r	−0.44	−0.14	0.13	0.38	−0.14	0.06	−0.61	0.22
	p-value	0.825	0.514	0.57	0.038 *	0.550	0.745	<0.001 *	0.237
Subcutaneous fat b	r	0.15	−0.24	−0.17	0.12	0.05	0.14	−0.27	0.02
	p-value	0.438	0.255	0.44	0.519	0.799	0.465	0.155	0.937
Total body fat d	r	0.06	−0.21	−0.17	0.40	0.06	0.21	-0.059	0.35
	p-value	0.751	0.327	0.44	0.029 *	0.738	0.265	0.001 *	0.061
Lean body mass e	r	0.17	0.46	−0.28	−0.13	0.30	0.33	−0.11	0.17
	p-value	0.401	0.023 *	0.20	0.503	0.111	0.076	0.574	0.382

QUICKI, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoproteins, LDL, low-density lipoproteins; TG, triglycerides; IMAT, intra- and intermuscular adipose tissue; * p < 0.05. ^a Echogenicity obtained from the rectus femoris of the dominant limb and measured via grayscale histogram analysis. ^b IMAT and subcutaneous fat values derived from computed tomography attenuation at the mid-thigh of the dominant limb. ^c Log transformed data used in the analysis. ^d Total body fat estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). ^e Lean body mass is appendicular lean mass scaled to height (aLM/ht²). ^f Two-hour postprandial glucose values.