C. coccineum inhibits cancer cell migration, invasion, and colony formation: (A) Left, MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in tissue culture plates to subconfluency for wound healing assay. Addition of the ethanol extracts of C. coccineum to the wounded cultures inhibited the healing process at 50 or 100 µg/mL of the extract. Right, typical photos of the cultures during the wound healing process. (B) Left, in a Matrigel invasion assay, we found that addition the extract of C. coccineum significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell invasion at the minimum concentration of 50 μg/mL extract. Right, in the extract-treated cultures, some cells could invade through the Matrigel, but could not spread. (C) Left, in colony formation assay, MDA-MB-231 cells formed less (left) and smaller (right) colonies when the cultures were treated with C. coccineum. ** p < 0.01.