Table 1.
Demographic and laboratory characteristics between inotrope users and inotrope non-users.
| Total Population (n = 5471) | Inotrope Users (n = 1703) | Inotrope Non-Users (n = 3768) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 2919 (53.4%) | 1024 (60.1%) | 1895 (50.3%) | <0.001 |
| Age (years old) | 68.6 ± 14.4 | 66.8 ± 14.8 | 69.4 ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.9 | 22.9 ± 3.8 | 23.5 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 37.3 ± 15.5 | 33.0 ± 14.6 | 39.2 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| HTN, n (%) | 2211 (40.4%) | 791 (46.4%) | 1420 (37.7%) | <0.001 |
| DM, n (%) | 3518 (64.3%) | 1053 (61.8%) | 2465 (65.4%) | 0.010 |
| Smoking, % * | 17.9/21.1/61.1 | 20.3/21.8/57.9 | 16.8/20.7/62.5 | 0.002 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 909 (16.6%) | 308 (18.1%) | 601 (16.0%) | 0.051 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 931 (17.0%) | 318 (18.7%) | 613 (16.3%) | 0.030 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 287 (5.2%) | 113 (6.6%) | 174 (4.6%) | 0.002 |
| COPD, n (%) | 602 (11.0%) | 199 (11.7%) | 403 (10.7%) | 0.280 |
| CRF, n (%) | 791 (14.5%) | 277 (16.3%) | 514 (13.6%) | 0.011 |
| Previous CVA, n (%) | 833 (15.2%) | 237 (13.9%) | 596 (15.8%) | 0.069 |
| Valve disease, n (%) | 769 (14.1%) | 295 (17.3%) | 474 (12.6%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1850 (33.8%) | 465 (27.3%) | 1385 (36.8%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure Etiology | ||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 2096 (38.3%) | 768 (45.1%) | 1328 (35.2%) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 763 (13.9%) | 289 (17.0%) | 474 (12.6%) | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease | 50 (0.9%) | 17 (1.0%) | 33 (0.9%) | 0.659 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 1163 (21.3%) | 374 (22.0%) | 789 (20.9%) | 0.392 |
| Hypertension | 216 (3.9%) | 24 (1.4%) | 192 (5.1%) | <0.001 |
| Myocarditis | 75 (1.4%) | 44 (2.6%) | 31 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
| Infiltrative disease † | 69 (1.3%) | 13 (0.8%) | 56 (1.5%) | 0.027 |
| Tachycardia related disease # | 586 (10.7%) | 69 (4.1%) | 517 (13.7%) | <0.001 |
| Thyroid related disease $ | 29 (0.5%) | 4 (0.2%) | 25 (0.7%) | 0.043 |
| Toxic related disease ‡ | 58 (1.1%) | 19 (1.1%) | 39 (1.0%) | 0.787 |
| NYHA at admission, (%) ** | 15.2/36.6/48.2 | 11.1/33.0/55.9 | 17.1/38.2/44.7 | <0.001 |
| Initial SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 30 | 121 ± 30 | 136 ± 30 | <0.001 |
| Initial DBP (mmHg) | 79 ± 19 | 74 ± 18 | 81 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Initial HR | 93 ± 26 | 93 ± 25 | 93 ± 26 | 0.432 |
| Laboratory analysis | ||||
| WBC (109/L) | 8710 ± 3960 | 9480 ± 4620 | 8360 ± 3560 | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.4 ± 3.0 | 12.4 ± 2.3 | 12.4 ± 2.3 | 0.465 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 211 ± 89 | 204 ± 89 | 215 ± 88 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 152 ± 43 | 148 ± 43 | 154 ± 43 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 100 ± 59 | 98 ± 64 | 101 ± 57 | 0.193 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 41 ± 14 | 39 ± 14 | 42 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 107 ± 55 | 104 ± 56 | 108 ± 55 | 0.059 |
| Na (mEq/L) | 138 ± 5 | 137 ± 5 | 138 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7.0 ± 2.9 | 7.4 ± 3.0 | 6.9 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 26 ± 16 | 29 ± 19 | 25 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.49 ± 1.49 | 1.62 ± 1.60 | 1.43 ± 1.43 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 156 ± 77 | 166 ± 86 | 151 ± 73 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.36 ± 4.25 | 3.15 ± 5.33 | 2.00 ± 3.60 | <0.001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 1341 ± 1304 | 1571 ± 1454 | 1243 ± 1223 | <0.001 |
| NTproBNP (pg/mL) | 9327 ± 10846 | 11762 ± 12089 | 8232 ± 10051 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRF, chronic renal failure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein, Na; sodium; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; BUN, brain natriuretic peptide; NTproBNP, n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide. * smoking: current smoker/ex-smoker/never smoked. † Infiltrative heart disease includes amyloidosis and sarcoidosis. # Tachycardia-related disease mainly includes atrial fibrillation, Atrial tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. $ Thyroid-related disease includes hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. ‡ Toxins of toxic related disease include antineoplastic drugs, heavy metals, and alcohol. ** NYHA: grade 2/grade 3/grade 4.