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. 2018 Sep 21;10(10):345. doi: 10.3390/cancers10100345

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Suggested mechanisms of resistance to second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) agents, classified into three groups by their dependency on the androgen receptor (AR) and its downstream signals: persistent AR transactivation, bypassing AR, and AR indifference. DHT = dihydrotestosterone; NE = neuroendocrine; Pca = prostate cancer.