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The ontogeny and polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. Tissue-resident macrophages are mainly derived from yolk sac during development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are derived from tissue-resident macrophages, or by differentiation of monocytes from the bone marrow. TAMs are polarized into M1-like or M2-like phenotypes based on signals received from the microenvironment (TME).
