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. 2018 Oct 12;7(10):345. doi: 10.3390/jcm7100345

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Usnic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation. (A) Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were cultured with 10 ng/mL RANKL and 30 ng/mL M-CSF for 4 days in the presence of vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or the indicated concentrations of usnic acid. Cells were fixed in 3.7% formalin, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, and stained with TRAP solution. (B) TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (3 or more nuclei) were counted as osteoclasts. p—p-value of one-way ANOVA; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (n = 3). (C) BMMs were cultured with 30 ng/mL M-CSF for 3 days in the presence of vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or the indicated concentrations of usnic acid. The effects of usnic acid on BMMs viability were assessed using a CCK-8 assay kit (n = 3).