Chart 1.

Types of Coping Strategies and Sample Items from the Short EEC (Coping Strategies Questionnaire) version.

Emotion-focused coping (D1)	Example items
F1. Avoidant distraction	I get away and forget the problem temporarily (change of environment)
F7. Reducing anxiety and avoidance	I practice some kind of sport in order to reduce my anxiety or tension
F8. Preparing for the worst	I prepare myself for the worst
F9. Emotional venting and isolation	I act irritable and aggressive toward others
F11. Resigned acceptance	I accept the problem as it is, since I cannot do anything to solve it
Problem-focused coping (D2)
F2. Seeking family help and counsel	I talk with people I know who can do something to solve my problem
F5. Self-talk	I lay out a plan of action and try to carry it out
F10. Positive reappraisal and firmness	I try to see positive aspects of the situation
F12. Communicating feelings and social support	I feel better if I explain my problem to friends or family members
F13. Seeking alternative reinforcement	I start new activities (studies, etc.)