Table 3.
The Logistic Regression Chi-Square test χ2 (p-values) for participants’ (n = 41) demographics and their responses to statements regarding emotional empathy with animals.
| Age | Sex | Occupation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. So long as they’re warm and well fed, I don’t think zoo animals mind being kept in cages | 4.752 (0.029) * | 8.011 (0.005) * | 7.745 (0.021) * |
| 2. Often cats will meow and pester for food even when they are not really hungry | 0.024 (0.873) | 0.03 (0.864) | 1.301 (0.521) |
| 3. It upsets me to see animals being chased and killed by lions in wildlife programs on TV | 2.108 (0.147) | 2.672 (0.102) | 0.707 (0.702) |
| 4. The thought of calves being reared in veal crates really makes me feel sad | 7.416 (0.006) * | 6.246 (0.012) * | 4.342 (0.114) |
| 5. Sad films about animals often leave me with a lump in my throat | 8.983 (0.003) * | 4.759 (0.029) * | 4.273 (0.118) |
| 6. Animals deserve to be told off when they’re not behaving properly | 1.199 (0.274) | 1.474 (0.225) | 2.797 (0.247) |
| 7. People are too concerned about the suffering of laboratory rats and mice | 4.823 (0.028) * | 10.315 (0.001) * | 1.439 (0.487) |
| 8. People who cuddle and kiss their pets in public annoy me | 1.539 (0.215) | 0.045 (0.832) | 5.802 (0.055) |
| 9. A friendly purring cat almost always cheers me up | 0.359 (0.549) | 2.292 (0.130) | 2.895 (0.235) |
| 10. It upsets me when I see helpless old animals | 0.738 (0.390) | 5.151 (0.023) * | 12.311 (0.002) * |
| 11. Dogs sometimes whine and whimper for no real reason | 0.062 (0.803) | 0.1332 (0.716) | 5.147 (0.076) |
| 12. It makes me angry to think of things that are done to laboratory animals | 0.022 (0.883) | 0.734 (0.392) | 2.312 (0.315) |
| 13. I get very angry when I see animals being ill treated | 0.056 (0.813) | 10.545 (0.001) * | 8.038 (0.018) * |
| 14. It is silly to become too attached to one’s pets | 0.441 (0.507) | 1.296 (0.255) | 4.237 (0.120) |
| 15. Pets have a great influence on my moods | 3.540 (0.060) | 5.472 (0.019) * | 5.928 (0.052) |
| 16. Sometimes I am amazed how upset people get when an old pet dies | 0.013 (0.910) | 4.362 (0.037) * | 4.118 (0.128) |
| 17. It’s silly to worry about how farm animals feel | 1.632 (0.201) | 3.790 (0.052) | 5.218 (0.074) |
| 18. Seeing animals in pain upsets me | 0.177 (0.674) | 7.607 (0.006) * | 4.338 (0.114) |
| 19. People often make too much of the feelings and sensitivities of animals | 0.546 (0.460) | 2.340 (0.126) | 2.398 (0.302) |
| 20. I find it irritating when dogs try to greet me by jumping up and licking me | 0.925 (0.336) | 0.005 (0.942) | 0.355 (0.837) |
| 21. I would always try to help if I saw a dog or puppy that seemed to be lost | 0.941 (0.332) | 0.545 (0.461) | 11.835 (0.003) * |
| 22. I hate to see birds in cages where there is no room for them to fly about | 0.373 (0.542) | 1.766 (0.184) | 8.661 (0.013) * |
| 23. It upsets me to see farm animals in lorries going to slaughter | 0.484 (0.487) | 2.972 (0.085) | 4.453 (0.108) |
| 24. I enjoy feeding scraps of food to the birds | 0.553 (0.457) | 0.007 (0.935) | 2.820 (0.244) |
| 25. It makes me sad to see an animal on its own in a cage | 3.354 (0.067) | 5.948 (0.015) * | 4.952 (0.084) |
| 26. I get annoyed by dogs that howl and bark when they are left alone | 0.240 (0.624) | 3.812 (0.051) | 3.072 (0.215) |
| 27. I hate seeing pictures of animals used in scientific experiments | 0.320 (0.572) | 0.506 (0.477) | 5.368 (0.068) |
| 28. Many people are over affectionate towards their pets | 1.078 (0.299) | 0.381 (0.537) | 7.985 (0.018) * |
* Denotes significant p-values at the 0.05 confidence level.