Table 1.
Comparison of TiO2-based photo=electrochemical dopamine sensors.
| Electrode | Range (μM) | Light Source | Sensitivity (nA μM−1 cm−2) |
Electrode Area (cm2) |
Detection Limit (μM) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphene–TiO2 | 0.02–105 | 250 W Xe lamp | 2140 | 0.07 | 0.006 | [13] |
| TiO2 NTs | 0.001–25 | 300 W Xe lamp | 1340 | -- | 0.00015 | [15] |
| TiO2 NPs | 5–200 | 30 W LED | 0.013 | 2.4 | 2 | [16] |
| CuTsPc/TiO2 | 4–810 | 20 W LED | 3.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | [17] |
| Graphene-C3N4/TiO2 | 0.1–50 | 150 W Xe lamp | 210 (nA/μM) | -- | 0.02 | [35] |
| TiO2 nanopore array | 200–1500 | 120 mW LED | 0.462 | 0.125 | 20 | This work |