Table 1.

Specification of electronic components used in to design the proposed system.

Components	Specifications
IR obstacle avoidance sensor [11]	Voltage: DC 3–5 V; Range 2–30 cm; Angle: 35°
LDR [10]	Voltage: DC 3–5 V; Diameter: 5 mm
Arduino Uno [12,13]	22 pins; Operating voltage: 6–20 V
LEDs [51]	Diameter: 5 mm; Operating voltage: 5 V
Resistors [52]	100 ohm; 220 ohms
L298 Motor Module [53]	Operating voltage: 5 V; Max power: 25 W