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. 2018 Oct 9;7(10):337. doi: 10.3390/jcm7100337

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic illustration of (A) the basic principles of blood flow restriction, (B) the application places of the cuffs for blood flow restriction and (C) the possible neurobiological mechanisms of resistance training with blood flow restriction that are likely to contribute to improved cognitive functions; blood flow restriction (BFR), growth hormone (GH), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), resistance training (RE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).