Table 3.

Data sources for activity data and emission factors used to quantify the carbon footprint of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). UF: urea-formaldehyde.

Stages	Data Source
	Activity Data	Emission Factor
On-site industrial process
Wood fuels for energy	Surveyed company	Ecoinvent 3.0 [45]
Electricity	Surveyed company	NDRC a
Off-site process
Capital goods	Frischknecht et al. [37]	Frischknecht et al. [37]
Energy for forestry extraction
Petroleum	Lun et al. [35]	IPCC [19]
Gasoline	Lun et al. [35]	IPCC [19]
Diesel	Lun et al. [35]	IPCC [19]
Electricity	Lun et al. [35]	NDRC
Fertilizer and biocide	Lun et al. [35]	West et al. [46]
Chemical production
Formaldehyde	Surveyed company	CLCD [44]
Urea	Surveyed company	CLCD [44]
Ammonium chloride	Surveyed company	Ecoinvent 3.0 [45]
Sodium hydroxide	Surveyed company	ELCD [47]
Paraffin wax	Surveyed company	Ecoinvent 3.0 [45]
UF resin production	Surveyed company	Zhang [43]
Transports
Distances	Surveyed company and national reports b	CLCD [44]
Fossil fuels	Surveyed company	CLCD [44]
End-of-life disposal	Demertzi et al. [48]
Energy for landfill
Electricity		NDRC
Diesel		IPCC [19]
Energy for incineration	Demertzi et al. [48]
Electricity		NDRC
Diesel		IPCC [19]
Natural gas		IPCC [19]

^a National Development and Reform Commission, 2016. ^b Data obtained as average haul distances of goods in China, 2016. Referring to 2016 China Statistical Yearbook. IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; CLCD: Chinese Life Cycle Database; ELCD: European Reference Life Cycle Database.