Table 2.
EEG-based control for lower limb movements.
| [Ref] Year | Assistive Device | Participants | Protocol | Task | Control Input | Type of EEG Signal | Other Input Signals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [25], 2018 | Avatar, BWS exoskeleton | 8 healthy subjects | Active Movements | Gait | EEG based control | Goniometer | |
| [26], 2017 | Custom lower limb Exoskeleton | 6 healthy subject | Motor imagery and movement intention | Gait | EEG based BCI | SMR and MRCP | Angle encoder |
| [27], 2017 | RE lower limb exoskeleton | 14 healthy subjects | Motor imagery | Rest/left and right hand | EEG based control | ERD | |
| [24], 2017 | BTS ANYMOV robotic hospital bed | 21 healthy subjects | Passive and imagined movements | Cyclic Ankle movements | EEG based control | ERD/ERS | |
| [28], 2017 | Avatar | 8 healthy subjects | Active Movements | Walking | EEG based control | Goniometer | |
| [29], 2017 | Prosthetic Knee | One amputee subject | Active movements | Sitting down and walking | EEG based control | ERD | |
| [30], 2017 | The modified version of Rex (lower limb Exoskeleton) | 5 healthy subjects | Motor imagery | Walk, turn right, turn left | EEG based control | ERD | Ultrasonic sensors |
| [31], 2016 | Overground lower limb exoskeleton | 3 healthy and 4 SCI patients | Movement attempt | Walking | EEG based control | Combination of ERD and MPCPs | |
| [32], 2016 | Avatar, BWS and Overground exoskeleton | 8 SCI patients | Motor Imagery and active movements | Gait | EEG based control | Event-Related Spectral Perturbations (ERSPs) | |
| [33], 2015 | BWS Lokomat Pro gait Exoskeleton | 10 healthy and three ISC | Motor execution | Active and Passive walking | EEG based BCI | ERD and ERS | EMG and accelerometer |
| [34], 2015 | Overground exoskeleton | 11 healthy subjects | Active movements | Walking, turn right/left | EEG based control | SSVEPs | |
| [13], 2014 | Motorized Ankle-Foot Orthosis (MAFO) | 10 healthy subjects | Motor imagery/active movements | Ankle dorsiflexion | EEG based control | MRCPs | EMG |
| [11], 2013 | RoGO A commercial robotic gait Exoskeleton |
On Healthy and one SCI subject | Kinaesthetic motor imagery (KMI) | Walking and Idling | EEG based BCI | EMG and Gyroscope to measure leg motion | |
| [35], 2012 | Avatar | 5 SCI subjects | Motor imagery | Idling and walking | EEG based control |