Table 2.
Binomial logistic regression models with crashes as the outcome and DSR, DWI, C-RDS, and texting/calling while driving as independent variables added in sequence
| Crash involvement (Ref = no crashes) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1(n = 1,411) | Model 2 (n = 1,400) | Model 3 (n = 1,394) | Model 4 (n = 1,386) | ||||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||
| Gender | Female (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Male | .84 | (.52, 1.35) | .83 | (.53, 1.30) | .86 | (.54, 1.36) | .86 | (.55, 1.36) | |
| Race/ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hispanic/Latino | .74 | (.34, 1.60) | .72 | (.32, 1.62) | .77 | (.34, 1.75) | .75 | (.32, 1.73) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black/African-American | .89 | (.48, 1.67) | .90 | (.49, 1.66) | .92 | (.49, 1.71) | .92 | (.49,1.71) | |
| Non-Hispanic mixed race | 2.89** | (1.42, 5.86) | 2.99*** | (1.61, 5.57) | 2.95** | (1.45, 5.99) | 2.89** | (1.45, 5.77) | |
| Other non-Hispanic minorities | 1.16 | (.29, 4.69) | 1.14 | (.31, 4.25) | 1.16 | (.30, 4.43) | 1.13 | (.30, 4.26) | |
| Socioeconomic | Low affluence (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Status | Moderate affluence | 1.37 | (.70, 2.68) | 1.32 | (.68, 2.58) | 1.22 | (.64, 2.31) | 1.19 | (.62, 2.27) |
| High affluence | 1.52 | (.78, 2.97) | 1.50 | (.76, 2.94) | 1.43 | (.71, 2.89) | 1.36 | (.66, 2.78) | |
| Highest parental | High school diploma/GED or less (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| education level | Some college education or associate’s | .95 | (.55, 1.65) | .93 | (.53, 1.61) | .93 | (.52, 1.65) | .91 | (.51, 1.62) |
| degree | |||||||||
| Bachelor’s degree or more | .76 | (.37,1.55) | .70 | (.34, 1.44) | .71 | (.34, 1.46) | .70 | (.34, 1.46) | |
| Frequency of | — | 1.02# | (1.00,1.05) | 1.02 | (.99, 1.05) | 1.00 | (.97, 1.03) | 1.00 | (.97, 1.03) |
| driving | |||||||||
| DSR | No DSR (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Any DSR | 1.74* | (1.06, 2.85) | 1.52 | (.80, 2.87) | 1.35 | (.68, 2.65) | 1.34 | (.70, 2.59) | |
| DWI | No DWI (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Any DWI | — | — | 2.06# | (1.00, 4.25) | 1.74 | (.83, 3.68) | 1.65 | (.81, 3.40) | |
| C-RDS | Lower risk driver (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Higher risk driver | — | — | — | — | 2.10** | (1.25, 3.55) | 1.86* | (1.14, 3.04) | |
| Texting/calling | Less frequently (Ref) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| while driving | More frequently | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.36 | (.86, 2.15) |
| χ2 | 85.77*** | 85.56*** | 120.64*** | 150.28*** | |||||
| df | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |||||
Values in bold indicate p < .10.
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; C-RDS = Checkpoints Risky Driving Scale; df = degrees of freedom; DSR = driving in a street race in the past 12 months; DWI = driving while intoxicated; GED = general equivalency diploma; χ2 = Wald chi-square statistic.
Each model accounted for complex survey design.
The frequency of driving was the number of days driving in the past 30 days. Sample size values (n) refer to the total sample size analyzed by the models.
#
p< .10;
*
p< .05;
**
p< .01;
***
p< .001.