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(a) Preoperative lumbar anteroposterior X-ray. (b), (c) Preoperative sagittal MRI T2-weighted images showing L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration and the lack of normal adipose tissue surrounding the left nerve root on the horizontal axis. Stenosis of the lateral crypt (arrows). (d) CT of the transverse axis of the lumbar intervertebral disc before surgery showing hyperplastic cohesion of the left facet joint and narrowing of the superior articular process (arrows).
