Table 2.

Adjusted Association^a Between 20-Year Physical Activity Trajectories and Cardiovascular Markers at 20-Year Follow-up From Logistic or Linear Regression Models (n = 3,331 Men, Aged 58–81 Years at Follow-up), British Regional Heart Study, 1978–2000

Outcome Measure	Physical Activity Trajectory Groupb				P for Trend
	Light/Stable		Moderate/Increasing
	B Coefficient	95% CI	B Coefficient	95% CI
Metabolic markers
HDL, mmol/Lc	−0.03	−0.06, 0.00	0.01	−0.02, 0.05	0.304
LDL, mmol/Lc	0.09	0.00, 0.17	0.04	−0.06, 0.14	0.550
Total cholesterol, mmol/Lc	0.04	−0.05, 0.13	−0.01	−0.12, 0.10	0.798
Triglycerides, mmol/Lc	−0.03	−0.06, 0.01	−0.06	−0.11, −0.02	0.005
Hypertensiond	0.78	0.64, 0.94	0.66	0.53, 0.81
Glucose, mmol/Lc	−0.02	−0.04, −0.01	−0.03	−0.05, −0.01	0.005
Insulin, μ/mLc	−0.08	−0.13, −0.03	−0.11	−0.17, −0.06	0.001
HbA1C, mmol/Lc,e	−0.02	−0.03, −0.01	−0.02	−0.04, −0.01	0.014
FEV1, Lc,f	13.92	8.64, 19.19	22.21	16.09, 28.33	<0.001
Waist circumference, cmc	−3.25	−4.13, −2.36	−4.22	−5.24, −3.19	<0.001
Inflammatory/hemostatic markers
IL-6, pg/mLc,e	−0.12	−0.18, −0.07	−0.18	−0.24, −0.11	<0.001
CRP, mg/Lc,e	−0.21	−0.30, −0.11	−0.27	−0.38, −0.17	<0.001
Factor VIII, IU/dLc,g	−5.01	−7.72, −2.31	−5.72	−8.86, −2.58	0.001
von Willebrand factor, IU/dLc,g	−5.73	−9.65, −1.81	−6.42	−10.97, −1.88	0.009
tPA antigen, ng/mLc,g	−0.69	−1.05, −0.33	−1.05	−1.46, −0.63	<0.001
D-dimer, ng/mLc,e,g	−0.10	−0.16, −0.03	−0.11	−0.19, −0.03	0.010
Cardiac markers
Hs-TnT, pg/mLc,e	−0.07	−0.11, −0.03	−0.03	−0.08, 0.02	0.303
NT-proBNP, pg/mLc,e,h	−0.07	−0.17, 0.02	−0.06	−0.17, 0.06	0.381

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, c-reactive protein; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Hs-TnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.

^a All models adjusted for age, occupational class, region of residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, waist circumference (except where waist circumference was the outcome, when models adjusted for all other factors except waist circumference), and lipid-lowering medication.

^b Low/decreasing group served as the reference group.

^c Additionally adjusted for blood pressure-lowering medication.

^d Presented as an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication.

^e Log transformed.

^f FEV₁ was standardized for height by multiplying FEV₁ by the square of the mean population height (meters) divided by each participant’s height.

^g Additionally adjusted for warfarin.

^h Data were missing for an additional 194 men (n = 3,137).