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. 2018 Aug 7;187(11):2292–2296. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy172

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

A directed acyclic graph representing the bias resulting from conditioning on a collider. Conditioning on the collider, live birth, opens the backdoor path: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ← Unobserved (U) → Live Birth ← Air Pollution, therefore leading to selection bias.