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. 2018 Oct 29;11:397–405. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S174326

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© 2018 Floris et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Hormesis: proposed mechanism of ULD MI medicines.

Notes: Human monocytes exposed to the bacterial endotoxin LPS respond by expressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, induce further cytokines production and secretion, by an amplification system called “autoinduction”. The scheme shows what is hypothesized as the mechanism of action of the tested product and ULD medicines: pro-inflammatory cytokines at ULD employ hormetic responses and an ensuing “state of adaptation” able to drive the cells/organism toward homeostasis.

Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MI, micro-immunotherapy; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; ULD, ultra-low doses.