Figure 2.

Phagocytosis (A) and oxidative burst (B) activities of neutrophils isolated from blood of 18 cows (9 in early- and 9 in mid-lactation). Cells were cultured in two wells per sample and were assayed individually. Cells were incubated with the corresponding choline treatment (3.2, 8.2, or 13.2 μM) in duplicate wells and assayed individually. All cells were then incubated with dihydrorhodamine (100 μM) for 10 min followed by the addition of labeled E. coli (20:1 ratio of bacteria:neutrophil). Percentage of cells carrying out phagocytosis and oxidative burst and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each were determined by flow cytometry. Data depicted represent the back-transformed (square root) LSM and SEM. Linear and quadratic P-values refer to the effect of choline doses.