Table 1.

Impact of stage of lactation and LPS on mRNA abundance (2^−ΔCt × 10⁻³AU) of genes involved in choline metabolism and inflammatory response in neutrophils from lactating dairy cows in vitro^a,b.

	Stage of lactation (SL)				SEMc	P-value
	Early		Mid
	LPS0	LPS1	LPS0	LPS1		SL	LPS	SL × LPS
CHOLINE METABOLISM
SLC5A7	0.86	1.02	0.86	0.90	0.38	0.92	0.45	0.68
CHDH	1.18	0.99	0.77	1.01	0.33	0.65	0.68	0.06
CHKA	212	296	197	279	52	0.76	0.12	0.97
ACHE	2.20	2.02	2.61	2.73	0.60	0.50	0.78	0.38
CHRM5	0.68	0.65	0.76	0.87	0.23	0.64	0.71	0.41
CHRNA7	1.06	1.19	0.94	0.88	0.50	0.75	0.87	0.58
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
TLR4	801	1127	1645	2470	218	<0.001	0.01	0.81
NFKB1	567	1508	914	1769	162	0.02	<0.001	0.23
TNFA	75	1948	140	1320	322	0.71	<0.001	0.12
ELANE	52.2	85.9	81.3	113.7	28.3	0.46	<0.001	0.005
H2A	174	194	232	246	32	0.23	0.10	0.65
CASP3	35.7	27.0	36.7	36.5	7.0	0.55	0.18	0.19
CASP7	88.6	74.5	117.1	91.7	18.1	0.38	<0.001	0.54

^aMean values per treatment correspond to cells from 18 cows (9 in early and 9 in mid-lactation) that were or not challenged with LPS (1 μg/mL).

^bCells were cultured with either 3.2 (CHOL3), 8.1 (CHOL8), or 13.2 (CHOL13) μM choline.

^cPooled standard error of the mean.