Table 2.

Impact of stage of lactation and LPS on mRNA abundance (2^−ΔCt × 10⁻³AU) of genes involved in choline metabolism and inflammatory response in monocytes from lactating dairy cows in vitro^a,b.

	Stage of lactation (SL)				SEMc	P-value
	Early		Mid
	LPS0	LPS1	LPS0	LPS1		SL	LPS	SL × LPS
CHOLINE METABOLISM
SLC5A7	0.68	0.51	0.51	0.67	0.12	0.98	0.99	0.009
CHDH	0.65	0.66	0.62	0.74	0.10	0.88	0.28	0.35
CHKA	19.9	16.9	21.0	20.3	3.5	0.51	0.58	0.72
ACHE	1.89	1.70	1.93	2.23	0.42	0.62	0.45	<0.001
CHAT	0.25	0.24	0.18	0.26	0.07	0.74	0.20	0.20
CHRM1	0.12	0.12	0.08	0.13	0.02	0.57	0.11	0.06
CHRM5	0.24	0.21	0.17	0.27	0.04	0.84	0.17	0.01
CHRNA7	0.41	0.36	0.27	0.47	0.10	0.83	0.18	0.03
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
TLR4	87.0	65.3	66.6	62.0	22.0	0.71	<0.001	0.04
NFKB1	257	349	240	366	44	0.97	<0.001	0.22
TNFA	71	344	79	264	54	0.76	<0.001	0.48
H2A	161.6	183.4	152.4	191.1	21.7	0.95	0.17	0.70
CASP3	6.78	6.60	5.91	6.80	1.00	0.80	0.24	0.08
CASP7	6.92	6.57	8.37	8.47	1.38	0.23	0.91	0.86

^aMean values per treatment correspond to cells from 18 cows (9 in early and 9 in mid-lactation) that were or not challenged with LPS (1 μg/mL).

^bCells were cultured with either 3.2 (CHOL3), 8.1 (CHOL8), or 13.2 (CHOL13) μM choline.

^cPooled standard error of the mean.