Table 2.

Predictors of iron deficiency using logistic regression analysis

Variables	Univariate OR	P value	Multivariate OR	P value
Age (per 5 years)	1.09 (1.05–1.13)	< 0.001
Female sex	2.05 (1.67–2.53)	0.396	1.62 (1.29–2.03)	< 0.001
Hypertension	1.50 (1.23–1.85)	< 0.001
Diabetes Mellitus	1.44 (1.18–1.76)	< 0.001
COPD	0.86 (0.67–1.10)	0.223
HFPEF	1.25 (1.00–1.56)	0.047
Ischaemic aetiology	1.15 (0.94–1.39)	0.175
NYHA class III-IV	1.84 (1.50–2.26)	< 0.001	1.50 (1.20–1.88)	< 0.001
Systolic BP (per 10 mmHg)	1.11 (1.06–1.16)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.04–1.14)	< 0.001
Heart rate (per 10 bpm)	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	0.379
BMI (1 kg/m2)	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	0.008	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	0.018
ACE-I or ARB	0.71 (0.53–0.95)	0.021
Beta blockers	0.96 (0.72–1.28)	0.781
Diuretics	1.50 (1.13–1.98)	0.005
MRAs	0.81 (0.66–0.98)	0.028
Digoxin	1.00 (0.80–1.26)	0.988
Oral anticoagulants	0.96 (0.79–1.17)	0.690
Antiplatelet	0.99 (0.82–1.20)	0.921
ICD	1.02 (0.71–1.44)	0.94
Haemoglobin (per 1 g/dL)	0.82 (0.78–0.87)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.82–0.92)	< 0.001
Log NT-proBNP (per 1 SD)	1.20 (1.09–1.33)	< 0.001	1.12 (0.99–1.25)	0.051
Sodium (per 5 mmol/L)	1.17 (1.02–1.34)	0.030
eGFR (per 5 ml/min/1.73m2)	0.98 (0.96–0.99)	0.016

OR Odds Ratio, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, HFPEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, BP Blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, ACE-I Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, MRAs Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Log Logarithmic transformation, NTproBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, SD Standard deviation, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Variables introduced in the multivariate model were: Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, HFPEF, NYHA functional class III-IV, systolic BP, heart rate, BMI, haemoglobin, logNT-proBNP, eGFR, sodium, treatment with beta blockers, ACE-i/ARBs, diuretics and MRAs