Table 1.
Maternal baseline characteristics
| Total | Healthy | With adverse outcomes | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 19,044 | N = 11,566 | N = 7478 | ||
| Age (year) | 29.5 ± 4.1 | 29.1 ± 3.9 | 30.1 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
| p-BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 4.7 | 20.7 ± 4.5 | 22.2 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
| < 18.5 (%) | 2886 (16.5) | 2132 (20.0) | 754 (11.0) | |
| 18.5–23.9 (%) | 11,058 (63.1) | 6988 (65.4) | 4070 (59.6) | |
| 24–27.9 (%) | 2639 (15.1) | 1203 (11.3) | 1436 (21.0) | |
| ≥ 28 (%) | 928 (5.3) | 359 (3.4) | 569 (8.3) | |
| Education level | 0.396 | |||
| College or higher (%) | 12,766 (73.2) | 7786 (73.1) | 4980 (73.3) | |
| Up to high school (%) | 4683 (26.8) | 2866 (26.9) | 1817 (26.7) |
Continuous variables were expressed as the means ± SD and categorical variables were expressed as n (%)
Abbreviations: p-BMI pre-pregnancy body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres)
P value indicates a significant difference between the healthy group and the adverse outcomes group