Table 3.
Characteristic of study participants according to quartiles of total fruits intake
| Quartiles of total fruits intake | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 100) |
2 (n = 100) |
3 (n = 100) |
4 (n = 100) |
p-trendb | |
| g/day (median) | 103.7 | 177.8 | 229.6 | 229.6 | |
| Age (years) | 34 ± 7.3 | 33.4 ± 7.7 | 34.8 ± 6.8 | 33.4 ± 7.3 | 0.8 |
| Education (years) | 12.1 ± 3.5 | 12.8 ± 3.1 | 12.2 ± 3.3 | 12.7 ± 3.6 | 0.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3 | 25.8 ± 3.1 | 26 ± 2.7 | 25.6 ± 3.1 | 0.1 |
| Physical activity (MET/h/week) | 474.7 ± 287.9 | 495.5 ± 235.7 | 515.9 ± 282.7 | 521.8 ± 349.6 | 0.2 |
| Height (cm) | 161.8 ± 4.6 | 162.1 ± 4.4 | 161 ± 4.3 | 161.9 ± 4.9 | 0.6 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.5 ± 8.8 | 67.6 ± 9 | 67.1 ± 6.9 | 66.7 ± 8.1 | 0.1 |
| Family size (n) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 4.3 | 0.7 |
| Dietary supplement use (%) | 37 (37%) | 56 (56%) | 42 (42%) | 59 (59%) | 0.5c |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1603 ± 273.3d | 1561.3 ± 254.6 | 1689.6 ± 350.8 | 1721.8 ± 319.2 | 0.001 |
| Protein intake (g) | 57.0 ± 9.9d | 57.0 ± 9.6 | 62.2 ± 11.5 | 62.8 ± 10.3 | 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g) | 218.2 ± 45.3d | 227.9 ± 42.9 | 250.7 ± 51.2 | 260.3 ± 55.6 | 0.001 |
| Fat intake (g) | 56.8 ± 12.6d | 48.2 ± 10.5 | 50.9 ± 16.4 | 49.6 ± 12.6 | < 0.001e |
| Energy of protein (%) | 14.3 ± 1.4 | 14.6 ± 1.3 | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 14.6 ± 1.4 | 0.051 |
| Energy of carbohydrate (%) | 54.7 ± 5 | 58.5 ± 4.2 | 59.5 ± 4.5 | 60.6 ± 4.5 | < 0.001e |
| Energy of fat (%) | 31.6 ± 5.6 | 27.5 ± 4.5 | 26.4 ± 4.5 | 25.6 ± 4.4 | < 0.001e |
| Total fiber intake (g) | 42.7 ± 16.4d | 43.5 ± 15.7 | 45.6 ± 16.3 | 50.6 ± 19.6 | < 0.001e |
| Healthy eating index score | 47.1 ± 5.3f | 46.6 ± 4.7 | 47.4 ± 6.9 | 50.4 ± 6.0 | < 0.001e |
Values are means (standard deviations) or percentages unless stated otherwise
Total fruits were defined as in Table 1
aANOVA
bChi square test
cGeometric mean ± SEM
dKruskal–Wallis test
eMedian ± interquartile range