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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2018 Nov;14(11):639–652. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0079-7

Table 1. Pre-analytical factors influencing results of blood-based biomarker measurements.

Patient-related factors Blood collection Blood processing Sample storage
Demographics (age, sex, weight, ethnicity) Needle gauge Time to storage Storage temperature
Diet, including supplements Needle composition Centrifugation (presence and type of separator, temperature, number of rounds [single or double]) Storage volume
Health status Withdrawal site Addition of protease inhibitor Number of freeze-thaw cycles
Medication Collection tube characteristics Use of denaturation step or protein extraction Duration
Drug/alcohol use Anticoagulant use Use of plasma or serum
Medical conditions Time of collection
Exercise
Posture/bed rest