Table 3. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of abdominal obesity (WC≥80cm)¹ according to dietary diversity score by other factors in the FiLWHEL (n = 400)².

	DDS tertiles	No. of participants	No. of cases	OR (95 CI)	P for hetero-geneity3
Age					0.54
<40 years	1	101	41	1.00
	2	65	24	0.82 (0.43–1.59)
	3	121	37	0.56 (0.31–1.01)
≥40 years	1	43	29	1.00
	2	27	18	1.09 (0.38–3.11)
	3	43	21	0.47 (0.19–1.18)
Length of residence					0.13
<10 years	1	87	32	1.00
	2	54	21	1.09 (0.53–2.23)
	3	95	29	0.69 (0.36–1.33)
≥10 years	1	55	38	1.00
	2	30	16	0.48 (0.18–1.27)
	3	66	28	0.32 (0.14–0.72)
Alcohol intake					0.13
Never	1	32	19	1.00
	2	25	11	0.54 (0.17–1.68)
	3	63	20	0.26 (0.10–0.70)
Ever	1	112	51	1.00
	2	65	30	1.01 (0.53–1.94)
	3	99	38	0.70 (0.38–1.28)
Smoking status					0.29
Never	1	130	63	1.00
	2	80	35	0.84 (0.47–1.50)
	3	151	52	0.50 (0.30–0.84)
Ever	1	14	7	1.00
	2	10	6	1.88 (0.22–16.36)
	3	11	6	1.37 (0.13–14.12)
Vigorous exercise					0.56
<1 hour/week	1	122	60	1.00
	2	75	36	0.98 (0.54–1.80)
	3	134	48	0.48 (0.27–0.83)
≥1 hour/week	1	20	9	1.00
	2	13	4	0.37 (0.07–1.82)
	3	23	8	0.56 (0.15–2.11)
Education					0.77
High school/associate degree or less	1	74	34	1.00
	2	30	12	0.83 (0.32–2.14)
	3	63	22	0.55 (0.25–1.22)
College/graduate school	1	70	36	1.00
	2	61	30	0.95 (0.47–1.95)
	3	100	36	0.47 (0.24–0.92)
Household yearly income, Korean won4					0.40
<10,000,000	1	50	25	1.00
	2	26	14	1.31 (0.48–3.59)
	3	41	20	0.93 (0.38–2.27)
≥10,000,000	1	65	27	1.00
	2	40	21	1.60 (0.67–3.83)
	3	93	32	0.53 (0.25–1.13)
Employment					0.90
No	1	87	41	1.00
	2	47	19	0.76 (0.36–1.62)
	3	83	28	0.52 (0.26–1.01)
Yes	1	57	29	1.00
	2	44	23	1.08 (0.47–2.48)
	3	80	30	0.48 (0.22–1.02)
Parity					0.24
0–1 child	1	73	32	1.00
	2	46	22	1.21 (0.56–2.62)
	3	91	35	0.68 (0.35–1.34)
2 or more children	1	71	38	1.00
	2	45	20	0.71 (0.32–1.59)
	3	71	23	0.40 (0.19–0.85)
Breastfeeding					0.81
Never	1	47	25	1.00
	2	30	13	0.84 (0.31–2.31)
	3	49	21	0.64 (0.27–1.52
Ever	1	95	44	1.00
	2	60	29	0.97 (0.49–1.92)
	3	114	37	0.48 (0.26–0.89)
Change of diet for the past year					0.12
No	1	78	45	1.00
	2	50	23	0.61 (0.28–1.30)
	3	75	29	0.37 (0.18–0.75)
Yes	1	64	24	1.00
	2	39	17	1.37 (0.58–3.26)
	3	86	28	0.80 (0.36–1.78)

Abbreviations: FiLWHEL, Filipino Women’s Diet and Health Study; WC, waist circumference.

¹ Used the Asia-pacific criteria [19].

² Adjusted for age (continuous, years), total energy intake (continuous, kcal/day), years of stay in Korea (0–9 years, 10+ years), place of residence (urban, rural), employment (employed, non-employed), parity (0–1 child, 2 or more children), and history of breastfeeding (continuous, months).

³ Likelihood ratio test.

⁴ Eighty five participants did not know or had missing information about household yearly income.