Reporter gene assays (pGL4.23 or pGL3 vector). a. Luciferase activities of regulatory regions 48 h post-transfection. b. Luciferase activities of R2aR2b-pGL4.23 harboring combinations of rs9297994, rs10107187, and rs4738684 as shown. c. Luciferase activities of R3-pGL4.23 reporter with rs10504255 reference A or variant G allele. d. Luciferase activities of reporter constructs with promoter only, enhancer and promoter fusion, and enhancer-promoter allele combinations as indicated in pGL3 vector. Data are from three independent experiments with duplicates, mean ± SD. Panel a-c: Compared to pGL4.23 empty vector, ** P < 0.01. *** P < 0.001; Panel d: rs3808607 G vs T, *** P < 0.001; rs9297994 G vs A, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001; compared to no chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ‡‡‡ P<0.001, ‡P<0.05. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s or Tukey post-test.