Table 1.
Summary of Palliative Performance Scale Survival among Patients with Cancer (n = 9)
| Author, county, year | n | Study settings, years of data collection | Age, gender | Diagnoses | PPS recorded by | PPS at baseline (n, %) | Primary outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jang, Canada, 2014 | 1655 | Oncology Palliative Care Clinic at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 2007–2010 |
Median: 65 Male: 809 (49%) Female: 846 (51%) |
GI, lung, genitourinary, breast, gynecological, head and neck, CNS, hematological, other | Physician | PPS 10–30%: 24 (1%) PPS 40–50%: 315 (19%) PPS 60–70%: 784 (48%) PPS 80–100%: 508 (31%) |
Survival time (median days, 95% CI) PPS 10–30%: 22 (12–102) PPS 40–50%: 51 (44–60) PPS 60–70%: 115 (105–131) PPS 80–100%: 221 (197–244) |
| Jansen, Netherland, 2015 | 78 | Residential hospice 2010 |
Mean: 70.6 Male: 47 (60%) Female: 31 (40%) |
Terminal primary cancer diagnosis patients | Physician | PPS 10%: 1 (1%) PPS 20%: 14 (18%) PPS 30%: 8 (10%) PPS 40%: 21 (27%) PPS 50%: 21 (27%) PPS 60%: 10 (13%) PPS 70%: 3 (4%) |
Survival time (median days, IQR) PPS 10–20%: 6 (4–11) PPS 30–50%: 17.5 (11.75–41.5) PPS >50%: 41 (22.5–75) |
| Kim, South Korea, 2014 | 415 | Kyungpook National University Hospital and Medical Center 2009–2011 |
Mean: 60.7 Male: 240 (57.8%) Female: 175 (42.2%) |
Terminal cancer patients (stomach, lung, colon, biliary track, pancreatic, liver, uterine cervical, breast, ovarian, prostate) | Not reported | Not recorded | Survival time PPS <30%: 3–4 weeks PPS cutoff point for survival <3 and <4 weeks was 30 or below AUC 3 weeks: 0.729 (95% CI 0.684–0.772) AUC 4 weeks: 0.771 (95% CI 0.727–0.810) |
| Maltoni, Italy, 2012 | 549 | Three Italian hospices 2009–2010 |
Median: 71 Male: 269 (49%) Female: 280 (51%) |
Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, other | Physician | PPS 10–20%: 227 (41.3%) PPS 30–50%: 314 (57.2%) PPS ≥60%: 8 (1.5%) |
Survival time (median days, 95% CI) PPS 10–20%: 11 (9–13) PPS 30–50%: 32 (28–41) PPS ≥60%: 139 (67, n.r.) |
| Mei, Singapore, 2013 | 296 | Palliative Care Unit of Tan Tock Seng Hospital 2009–2011 |
Mean: 68.9 Male: 159 (53.72%) Female: 137 (46.28%) |
Breast, CUP, GI, GU, head and neck, MSK pulmonary, skin |
Not reported | PPSv2 10–30%: 140 (39.32%) PPSv2 40–60%: 199 (55.90%) PPSv2 70–100%: 17 (4.78%) |
Survival time (median days) PPS 10–30%: 19 PPS 40–60%: 43 PPS 70–100%: 59 |
| Myers, Canada, 2015 | 368 | Outpatient Palliative Care Clinic within the Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2011–2013 |
Mean: 64.8 Male: 160 (44%) Female: 208 (56%) |
Gastrointestinal, breast, lung, gynecological, genitourinary, head and neck; melanoma, hematology, unknown prim, other | Physician | PPS ≤40%: 18 (5%) PPS 50%: 68 (18%) PPS 60%: 113 (31%) PPS 70%: 99 (27%) PPS 80%: 59 (16%) PPS 90%: 11 (3%) Median PPS: 60 (range 20–90) |
Survival time (median days) PPS 40%: 28 PPS 50%: 71 PPS 60%: 104 PPS 70%: 173 PPS 80%: 197 PPS 90%: 226 |
| O'Mahony, United States, 2016 | 62 | Outpatient oncology clinic at University Medical Center (dates not recorded) | Mean: 63.7 Gender: unspecified |
Lung | Physician | PPS 40%: 1 (1.61%) PPS 50%: 10 (16.31%) PPS 60%:11 (17.74%) PPS 70%: 31 (50%) PPS 80%: 5 (8.06%) PPS 90%: 4 (6.45%) |
Survival time Changes in PPS scores between baseline and 1 month were not significantly associated with shorter survival time PPS was associated with survival time when stratified by median score at baseline |
| Seow, Canada, 2013 | 11,342 | Ambulatory setting 2007–2009 |
Mean: 65 Male: 4144 (52.58%) Female: 3738 (47.42%) |
Breast, CNS, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, hematology, head and neck, other, primary unknown sarcoma, skin, lung | Physician or nurse | PPS ≤20%: 40 (0.3%) PPS 30%: 109 (1%) PPS 40%: 263 (2.3%) PPS 50%: 800 (7.1%) PPS 60%: 1222 (10.8%) PPS 70%: 1794 (15.8%) PPS 80%: 2105 (18.6%) PPS 90%: 2431 (21.4%) PPS 100%: 2578 (22.7%) |
Survival time (median days) PPS 40%: 154 PPS 50%: 231 PPS 60%: 315 PPS 70%: 441 PPS 80%: 686 PPS 90%: >800 |
| Weng, United States, 2009 | 492 | Home hospice program 2005–2006 |
Mean: 67 Male: 219 (44.5%); Female: 273 (55.5%) |
Lung, GI, GU, breast, hematological, neurological head and neck, muscle, other | Nurse | PPS 10%: 32 (6.5%) PPS 20%: 35 (7.1%) PPS 30%: 57 (11.6%) PPS 40%: 181 (36.8%) PPS 50%: 122 (24.8%) PPS 60%: 44 (8.9%) PPS 70%: 18 (3.7%) PPS 80%: 2 (0.4%) PPS 90%: 0 (0%) PPS 100%: 1 (0.2%) |
Survival time (median days, SD) PPS 10%: 3 (6.2) PPS 20%: 5 (33.5) PPS 30%: 10 (19.6) PPS 40%: 19 (54.4) PPS 50%: 29.5 (59.6) PPS 60%: 35 (50.8) PPS 70%: 48 (60.7) PPS 80%: 17.5 (4.9) |
AUC, area under the curve; PBS, Palliative Performance Scale.