Table 2.
Summary of Palliative Performance Scale Survival among Patients with Mixed Diagnoses (n = 8)
| Author, county, year | n | Study settings, years of data collection | Age, gender | Diagnoses | PPS recorded by | PPS at baseline, (n, %) | Primary outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babcock, United States, 2016 | 123 | Emergency department in John Dempsey Hospital 2013 |
Mean: 78.7 Male: 48 (39%) Female: 75 (61%) |
Cardiac disease: 33 (27%) Infectious disease: 25 (21%) Abdominal pain: 20 (16%) Fracture: 6 (5%) Dehydration: 6 (5%) Cancer: 5 (4%) COPD: 3 (2%) Anemia: 3 (2%) Renal failure: 3 (2%) Miscellaneous: 19 (15%) |
Research team member (physician) | PPS mean: 70.7% PPS range: 30–100% |
Three-month survival proportions PPS 0–30%: 42.9% PPS 40–60%: 85.1% PPS 70–100%: 97.1% Six-month survival proportions (mean days) PPS 0–30%: 14.3% (107) PPS 40–60%: 74.5% (151) PPS 70–100%: 95.7% (175) |
| Chan, Singapore, 2013 | 400 | Tan Tock Seng Hospital (acute care hospital) 2009–2010 |
<45:10 (2.5%) 45–64: 99 (24.8) 65–74: 104 (26%) 75–84: 126 (31.5%) ≥85: 61 (15.3%) Male: 176 (44%) Female: 224 (56%) |
Cancer: 340 (85%) Noncancer: 60 (15%) |
Research team member (registered nurse) | PPSv2 10%: 15 (3.8%) PPSv2 20%: 9 (2.3%) PPSv2 30%: 104 (26%) PPSv2 40%: 104 (26%) PPSv2 50%: 87 (21.8%) PPSv2 60%: 44 (11%) PPSv2 ≥70%: 37 (9.3%) |
Survival time (median days, 95% CI) PPSv2 10%: 2 (1.33, 2.67) PPSv2 20%: 8 (0.0, 16.77) PPSv2 30%: 23 (10.51, 35.49) PPSv2 40%: 25 (17.89, 32.14) PPSv2 50%: 43 (28.04, 57.96) PPSv2 60%: 41 (23.36, 58.64) PPSv2 ≥70%: 116 (45.49, 186.51) |
| Downing, Canada, 2010 | 3328 | Victoria Hospice Society Palliative care unit 1993–2005 |
Mean: 70.2 Male: 1595 (48.1%) Female: 1723 (51.9%) |
Cancer: 2939 (88.3%) Noncancer: 389 (11.7%) |
Physician or nurse | PPSv2 10%: 221 (6.6%) PPSv2 20%: 335 (10.1%) PPSv2 30%: 1028 (30.9%) PPSv2 40%: 1098 (33%) PPSv2 50%: 508 (15.3%) PPSv2 60%: 128 (3.9%) PPSv2 70%: 10 (0.3%) |
Survival time (median days)a PPS 30%: ∼17 PPS 40%: ∼30 PPS 50%: ∼50 PPS 60%: ∼65 |
| Harris, United States, 2014 | 118,532 | Home, nursing home or hospice, hospital/inpatient unit in New Mexico, California,Florida, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Texas,and Kansas/Missouri 2008–2012 |
≥65: 97,068 (81.9%) <65: 21,464 (18.1%) Male: 53,944 (45.5%) Female: 64,588 (54.5%) |
Cancer: 45,601 (35.8%) Debility: 13,466 (11.4%) Cardiovascular disease: 16,522 (13.9%) Dementia: 11,931 (10.1%) Pulmonary: 8037 (6.8%) Stroke: 5559 (4.7%) Other: 17,416 (14.7%) |
Not reported | PPS <30%: 26,005 (21.9%) PPS 30%: 22,227 (18.8%) PPS 40%: 24,792 (20.9%) PPS 50%: 19,900 (16.8%) PPS ≥60%: 5731 (4.8%) Missing: 19,877 (16.8%) |
Six-month mortality Six-month mortality probability ranged from 32.6% to 99.5%. PPS scores, OR (95% CI) <30: reference 30: 0.22 40: 0.10 50: 0.07 >60: 0.04 |
| Lau, Canada, 2009 | 6066 | Victoria Hospice palliative care, home or palliative inpatient unit 1993–2005 |
Mean: 71.5 Male: 2892 (47.7%) Female: 3156 (52.0%) Unknown: 18 (0.3%) |
Cancer: 5097 (84.0%) Noncancer: 756 (12.5%) AIDS: 75 (1.2%); Cardiovascular: 328 (5.4%) Neurological: 69 (1.1%) Respiratory: 157 (2.6%) Others: 127 (2.1%) Not recorded: 213 (3.5%) |
Physician or nurse | Not recorded | Survival time (median days, 95% CI) PPS 10%: 1 (1–1) PPS 20%: 2 (2–2) PPS 30%: 5 (5–5) PPS 40%: 13 (12–14) PPS 50%: 28 (25–31) PPS 60%: 43 (38–48) PPS 70%: 63 (48–78) |
| Lau, Canada, 2009 | 513 | William Osler Health Centre in Toronto, Canada (inpatient and outpatient units) 2005–2006 |
Mean: 74.91 Male: 256 (49.9%) Female: 257 (50.1%) |
Cancer: 347 (67.6%) Noncancer: 166 (32.4%) |
Physician or nurse | PPSv2 10%: 27 (5.3%) PPSv2 20%: 71 (13.8%) PPSv2 30%: 118 (23%) PPSv2 40%: 56 (10.9%) PPSv2 50%: 88 (17.2%) PPSv2 60%: 56 (10.9%) PPSv2 70%: 81 (15.8) PPSv2 80%: 16 (3.1%) |
Survival time (median, days, 95% CI) PPSv2 10%: 2 (1–3) PPSv2 20%: 6 (4–8) PPSv2 30%: 12 (9–15) PPSv2 40%: 31 (15–47) PPSv2 50%: 35 (29–41) PPSv2 60%: 50 (33–67) PPSv2 70%: 110 (77–143) PPSv2 80%: 71 (0–196) |
| Linklater, United Kingdom, 2012 | 666 | Specialist palliative care unit, Primary, Secondary, nursing home (dates not recorded) | Unspecified Male: 281 (42.2%) Female: 385 (57.8%) |
Malignant: 397 (59.6%) Nonmalignant: 163 (24.5%) Dementia/frailty: 106 (15.9%) |
Physician or nurse | Not recorded | Survival time (median days, IQR) days PPS 10%: 3 (1–11) PPS 30%: 35.5 (17.25–123.5) PPS 50%: 52 (18–141) PPS 100%: 138 (115.5–335.5) |
| McGreevy, United States, 2017 | 153 | Surgical ICU 2012 |
Mean: 70.8 Male: 93 (60.8%) Female: 60 (39.2%) |
Traumatic brain injury | Not reported | PPS 50%: 6 (3.9%) PPS 60%: 9 (5.9%) PPS 70%: 20 (13.1%) PPS 80%: 23 (15%) PPS 90%: 41 (26.8%) PPS 100%: 54 (35.3%) |
In-hospital mortality In-hospital mortality: 28 (18.3%) In a model adjusting for age, injury severity score, and traumatic brain injury, PPS was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality |
a
Estimated survival time in days based on Kaplan–Meier survival curves in the text.