Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Characteristic | Cancer, n (%) | Organ failure, n (%) | Frailty, n (%) | Other, n (%) | Sudden death, n (%) | Total, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 75,657 (32) | 72,363 (31) | 67,513 (29) | 11,784 (5) | 7842 (3) | 235,159 (100) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 36,532 (48) | 37,992 (53) | 36,810 (55) | 6489 (55) | 2855 (36) | 37,992 (53) |
| Male | 39,125 (52) | 34,371 (47) | 30,703 (45) | 5295 (45) | 4987 (64) | 34,371 (47) |
| Age | ||||||
| <19 | 172 (.23) | 691 (1) | 47 (0.07) | 827 (7) | 435 (6) | 2172 (1) |
| 19–44 | 1886 (2) | 1601 (2) | 479 (1) | 332 (3) | 2636 (34) | 6934 (3) |
| 45–64 | 17,765 (23) | 9878 (14) | 5931 (9) | 1172 (10) | 2637 (34) | 37,383 (16) |
| 65–84 | 40,832 (54) | 32,332 (45) | 26,462 (39) | 4188 (36) | 1456 (19) | 105,270 (45) |
| ≥85 | 15,002 (20) | 27,861 (39) | 34,594 (51) | 5256 (45) | 678 (9) | 83,400 (35) |
| Income | ||||||
| Lowest | 16,014 (21) | 17,288 (24) | 15,637 (23) | 2545 (22) | 2008 (26) | 53,492 (23) |
| Low | 15,931 (21) | 15,344 (21) | 13,634 (20) | 2317 (20) | 1626 (21) | 48,852 (21) |
| Middle | 14,698 (19) | 13,727 (19) | 13,059 (19) | 2086 (18) | 1474 (19) | 45,044 (19) |
| High | 14,621 (19) | 13,074 (18) | 12,884 (19) | 2063 (18) | 1358 (17) | 44,000 (19) |
| Highest | 13,996 (18) | 12,136 (17) | 11,850 (18) | 1967 (17) | 1258 (16) | 41,207 (18) |
| Rurality | ||||||
| Rural | 11,231 (15) | 10,741 (15) | 9558 (14) | 1286 (11) | 1211 (15) | 34,027 (14) |
| Chronic diseases | ||||||
| Hypertension | 51,454 (68) | 58,133 (80) | 54,140 (80) | 8649 (73) | 2838 (36) | 175,214 (75) |
| Osteoarthritis | 35,279 (47) | 37,066 (51) | 34,335 (51) | 5848 (50) | 2807 (36) | 115,335 (49) |
| Cancer | 70,383 (93) | 16,073 (22) | 12,938 (19) | 2560 (22) | 913 (12) | 102,867 (44) |
| Diabetes | 23,783 (31) | 30,235 (42) | 23,964 (35) | 3876 (33) | 1324 (17) | 83,182 (35) |
| Congestive heart Failure | 14,673 (19) | 32,266 (45) | 27,958 (41) | 4113 (35) | 670 (9) | 79,680 (34) |
| Coronary heart Disease | 18,006 (24) | 26,035 (36) | 28,039 (42) | 3774 (32) | 896 (11) | 76,750 (33) |
| Dementia | 8348 (11) | 20,610 (28) | 33,611 (50) | 4056 (34) | 534 (7) | 67,159 (29) |
| COPD | 16,222 (21) | 24,553 (34) | 15,119 (22) | 2590 (22) | 704 (9) | 59,188 (25) |
| Renal disease | 14,247 (19) | 21,991 (30) | 15,970 (24) | 3075 (26) | 680 (9) | 55,963 (24) |
| No. of comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | 348 (0.46) | 2049 (3) | 1649 (2) | 1166 (10) | 1791 (23) | 7003 (3) |
| 1–2 | 17,884 (24) | 10,195 (14) | 10,818 (16) | 1822 (15) | 3249 (41) | 43,968 (19) |
| 3–5 | 40,344 (53) | 32,611 (45) | 31,499 (47) | 5114 (43) | 2153 (27) | 111,721 (48) |
| ≥6 | 17,081 (23) | 27,508 (38) | 23,547 (35) | 3682 (31) | 649 (8) | 72,467 (31) |
| Place of death | ||||||
| Hospital | 49,631 (66) | 49,462 (68) | 32,395 (48) | 9191 (78) | 3347 (43) | 144,026 (61) |
| Long-term care | 5586 (7) | 12,888 (18) | 23,544 (35) | 1539 (13) | 152 (2) | 43,709 (19) |
| Community care | 20,438 (27) | 10,010 (14) | 11,573 (17) | 1054 (9) | 4342 (55) | 47,417 (20) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.