Table 2.
Demographics and histologic features of arteries and veins in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and control subjects
| Variables | Advanced CKD patients | Control subjects | Unadjusted p-value* (CKD vs. control) | Adjusted p-value* (CKD vs. control) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects | 125 | 15 | ||
| Age, mean ± SD | 53 ± 14 | 76 ± 11 | < 0.001 | |
| Male gender, N (%) | 68 (54%) | 9 (60%) | 0.68 | |
| Vascular histology | ||||
| Arterial medial fibrosis (%), mean ± SD | 69 ± 14 | 51 ± 10 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Venous medial fibrosis (%), mean ± SD | 63 ± 12 | 59±10 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Arterial calcification (%), mean ± SD | 3.03 ± 5.17 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Arterial intimal thickness (μm), mean ± SD | 30 ± 25 | 63 ± 25 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Venous intimal thickness (μm), mean ± SD | 37 ± 40 | 14 ± 6 | < 0.001 | 0.06 |
| Collagen fiber configuration | ||||
| Arterial medial anisotropy index, mean ± SD | 0.24 ± 0.10 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Venous medial anisotropy index, mean ± SD | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 0.53 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Arterial medial dominant directionality (°), mean ± SD | 49.3 ± 23.6 | 4.0 ±2.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Venous medial dominant directionality (°), mean ± SD | 30.0 ± 19.6 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
*
t-tests were used for comparing the continuous variables assuming unequal variance between groups, and unadjusted p-values were reported.
Linear regressions were used to obtain the adjusted p-values after controlling for age. Chi-squared test was used for comparing gender between the two groups.