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. 2018 Nov 1;8:16154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34366-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bactericidal activity of mixtures of zinc chloride and erythritol against S. mutans biofilms. (a) Effect of the molar ratio used for zinc chloride and erythritol on antibiofilm activity. The concentration of zinc chloride used was 6.6 mM, and the concentration of erythritol varied according to the indicated ratio. Significance was calculated using a Student’s t-test. (b) The effect of ligands combined with zinc chloride on the antimicrobial activity against biofilms. The concentration of zinc chloride was 6.6 mM. (c) Time-dependent correlation between antibiofilm activity and exposure time of the solution containing zinc chloride and erythritol at a molar ratio of 1:3. In this experiment, the solution containing 6.6 mM zinc chloride and 19.8 mM erythritol was used. In all figures, each value and error bar indicates the mean and standard deviation (SD), respectively (n = 5–10).