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. 2018 Nov 1;8:16154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34366-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CLSM images of S. mutans biofilms after treatment with zinc chloride and erythritol. Live (green) and dead (red) bacteria were imaged using CLSM (a–d). Biofilms treated with (a) DW, (b) zinc chloride, (c) erythritol and (d) a zinc-erythritol mixture for 10 min. The concentrations of zinc chloride and erythritol were 6.6 and 19.8 mM, respectively. The percentages of the volume occupied by live (green) and dead (red) bacteria was plotted (e–h). Data were quantified using image slices of z-stacks obtained from stained biofilms treated with (e) DW, (f) zinc chloride, (g) erythritol and (h) a zinc-erythritol mixture.