Table 2.
Other characteristics of ASO staff (n = 30).
| Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|
| CHARACTERISTICS | |
| #Years worked with PLWH | 11.4 ± 7.7 |
| #Years worked at ASO (n = 28) | 8.5 ± 7.1 |
| #Clients served, total (n = 25) | 89.0 ± 85.2 |
| n (%) | |
| SEXUAL ORIENTATION, SEX | |
| Heterosexual, female | 12 (40) |
| Heterosexual, male | 6 (20) |
| Lesbian or gay | 12 (40) |
| Employed full time at ASO | 23 (76) |
| Worked with HIV-positive women (or HIV-negative women engaging in HIV risk behaviors)a | 28 (93) |
| Worked with MSM (HIV-positive and HIV-negative) | 29 (97) |
| Worked with clients ≤ 26 years old | 23 (100)b |
| Clients have talked to them about the HPV vaccine | 7 (30)b |
| Worked with clients who had initiated the 3-dose HPV vaccine series | 7 (30)b |
| Worked with clients who had completed the 3-dose HPV vaccine series | 4 (17)b |
| Worked with clients who had been diagnosed with an HPV-related disease or cancer | 18 (60) |
| AWARENESS | |
| Heard of Cervarix® | 12 (52)b |
| … Gardasil® | 8 (35)b |
| … Gardasil-9® | 18 (78)b |
| Heard of the HPV test | 24 (80) |
| Heard of an anal Pap test | 19 (66) |
| KNOWLEDGE | |
| HPV causes more health problems for PLWH | 24 (80) |
| Main purpose of the HPV vaccine is to prevent HPV infection | 19 (83)b |
| Three doses of the HPV vaccine are recommendedc | 9 (39)b |
| HPV vaccine is recommended for females and males ≤ 26 years old | 19 (83)b |
| HPV vaccine is recommended for PLWH 9-26 years old | 16 (70)b |
| HPV vaccine is not recommended for people >26 years old | 6 (26)b |
| Females who have gotten the HPV vaccine still need to get screened for cervical cancer | 21 (91)b |
| HPV vaccine is safe | 12 (52)b |
| HPV vaccine is effective | 10 (43)b |
| BELIEFS | |
| Pap test can detect cervical cancer in its earliest stages | 26 (87) |
| There's not much a woman can do to lower her chances of getting anal cancer | 1 (3) |
| … cervical cancer | 1 (3) |
| … oral cancer | 2 (7) |
| … vaginal cancer | 13 (43) |
| … vulvar cancer | 1 (3) |
| There's not much a man can do to lower his chances of getting anal cancer | 1 (3) |
| … oral cancer | 1 (3) |
| … penile cancer | 13 (45) |
| HEALTH CARE ACCESS BARRIERS | |
| PATIENT-LEVEL | |
| Childcare | 8 (27) |
| INTERPERSONAL | |
| HPV stigma | 19 (63) |
| HIV stigma | 8 (27) |
| SYSTEM-LEVEL | |
| Clinic hours | 23 (77) |
| Cost | 18 (60) |
| Health insurance | 15 (50) |
| Transportation | 15 (50) |
| Travel distance | 14 (47) |
| Other | 10 (33) |
ASO, community-based HIV/AIDS service organization; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; SD, standard deviation.
a
For example, diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease within the past year.
b
n = 23 / 30 who had heard of the HPV vaccine.
c
3-dose HPV vaccine series was the only recommendation at this time (and is the current recommended for people living with HIV (18).