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. 2018 Oct 26;9:2482. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02482

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Copyright © 2018 Švajger and Rožman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A great number of cytokines and growth factors exert a considerable tolerogenic effect in terms of DC function. Major effects on DC biology concerning a particular factor are depicted on the figure. Arrows associate cytokine or growth factor with their corresponding receptor found on DCs. (AM, adrenomedullin; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IDO, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; ILT, immunoglobulin-like transcript; Nf-κB, nuclear factor κB; PDL, programmed death ligand; PIGF, placental growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide).