Table 3.

Sensory impairments and depression (male N=1,664)

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Sensory impairments
No sensory impairments (Ref.)
Vision impairment only	1.91***	1.46–2.51	1.75***	1.33–2.32	1.28	0.95–1.73	1.27	0.94–1.72
Hearing impairment only	1.51	0.96–2.36	1.25	0.79–1.98	0.96	0.58–1.56	0.90	0.55–1.47
Dual sensory impairment	5.01***	2.96–8.47	4.21***	2.46–7.18	1.89*	1.06–3.37	1.83*	1.02–3.28
Age			1.03**	1.01–1.05	1.01	0.99–1.03	1.01	0.99–1.03
Married			0.59**	0.42–0.82	0.56**	0.40–0.80	0.56**	0.39–0.80
Educational attainment
No education (Ref.)
Elementary school completed			0.90	0.62–1.31	1.02	0.69–1.50	1.03	0.70–1.53
Middle school completed			0.88	0.59–1.31	0.95	0.62–1.44	1.03	0.67–1.56
High school completed			0.87	0.59–1.29	0.94	0.63–1.42	1.08	0.71–1.63
Some college or more			0.94	0.61–1.44	1.09	0.70–1.72	1.30	0.82–2.07
Household income (logged)			0.88	0.78–1.00	0.94	0.82–1.07	0.97	0.85–1.11
Poor self-rated health					1.98***	1.53–2.57	1.76***	1.35–2.30
Number of ADLs					0.92	0.76–1.11	0.89	0.74–1.08
Number of IADLs					1.13*	1.02–1.26	1.14*	1.03–1.27
Number of chronic conditions					1.06	0.95–1.17	1.07	0.96–1.18
Cognitively impaired					2.35***	1.75–3.15	2.24***	1.66–3.01
Current smoking							1.10	0.86–1.41
Normal drinking							0.80*	0.64–1.00
Regular exercise							0.83	0.67–1.04
Normal weight							1.22	0.99–1.50
Number of social activities							0.83*	0.71–0.96
-2 loglikelihood	2243.0		2212.1		2099.5		2081.4

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001.

OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, Ref.: reference group, ADL: activities of daily living, IADL: instrumental activities of daily living