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. 2018 Jul 28;46(19):10331–10339. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky664

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Error frequencies in yeast can vary by 100-fold as measured by on various near-cognate codons. (A) Genetic code and identity of cytoplasmic tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The codons recognized by each tRNA are indicated by black circles connected by bars; the tRNAs are identified by anticodon and position 37 nt and the encoded amino acid. The Glu codons decoded by are in italics; near-cognate codons for are highlighted in black and synonymous non-cognates in gray. (B) The activity of E537 mutants of β-galactosidase expressed with or without treatment with the antibiotic paromomycin. Statistical significance of the effect of paromomycin is shown (*, P-value < 0.05; **, P-value < 0.01; ***, P-value < 0.001). For mutants showing a significant change the codon–anticodon complexes predicted for corresponding misreading events are shown (the upper line represents the codon, the lower the anticodon). Vertical lines represent Watson–Crick pairs, filled circles canonical wobble pairs and open circles non-Watson–Crick pairs that have been shown to mimic Watson–Crick geometry.

Inline graphic — Error frequencies in yeast can vary by 100-fold as measured by on various near-cognate codons. (A) Genetic code and identity of cytoplasmic tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The codons recognized by each tRNA are indicated by black circles connected by bars; the tRNAs are identified by anticodon and position 37 nt and the encoded amino acid. The Glu codons decoded by are in italics; near-cognate codons for are highlighted in black and synonymous non-cognates in gray. (B) The activity of E537 mutants of β-galactosidase expressed with or without treatment with the antibiotic paromomycin. Statistical significance of the effect of paromomycin is shown (*, P-value < 0.05; **, P-value < 0.01; ***, P-value < 0.001). For mutants showing a significant change the codon–anticodon complexes predicted for corresponding misreading events are shown (the upper line represents the codon, the lower the anticodon). Vertical lines represent Watson–Crick pairs, filled circles canonical wobble pairs and open circles non-Watson–Crick pairs that have been shown to mimic Watson–Crick geometry.