Table 3.
Association of erythrocyte saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with incident type 2 diabetes a.
| SFAs | Statistical Model | Quartiles (Q) of Erythrocyte SFA Concentrations | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 670) | Q2 (n = 671) | Q3 (n = 672) | Q4 (n = 670) | |||
| 14:0 | Median (%) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.40 | |
| Cases/person years | 44/3298 | 47/3247 | 53/3408 | 72/ 555 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 1.01 (0.67–1.52) | 1.07 (0.72–1.60) | 1.36 (0.93–1.98) | 0.088 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 1.01 (0.67–1.53) | 1.05 (0.70–1.57) | 1.36 (0.93–1.98) | 0.072 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 0.90 (0.59–1.35) | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) | 0.242 | |
| 16:0 | Median (%) | 23.7 | 26.5 | 28.4 | 31.5 | |
| Cases/person years | 62/3573 | 46/3256 | 47/3143 | 61/3535 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 0.67 (0.45–0.98) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.85 (0.59–1.21) | 0.454 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | 0.424 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 0.55 (0.37–0.81) | 0.53 (0.35–0.78) | 0.69 (0.48–0.99) | 0.080 | |
| 18:0 | Median (%) | 15.5 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 19.5 | |
| Cases/person years | 45/3436 | 52/3304 | 54/3273 | 65/3495 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 1.19 (0.79–1.77) | 1.23 (0.82–1.82) | 1.42 (0.97–2.08) | 0.075 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 1.14 (0.77–1.71) | 1.20 (0.81–1.79) | 1.40 (0.96–2.05) | 0.072 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 1.19 (0.80–1.79) | 1.35 (0.91–2.02) | 1.49 (1.02–2.19) | 0.047 | |
| 20:0 | Median (%) | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.59 | |
| Cases/person years | 58/3257 | 45/3333 | 57/3371 | 56/3546 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | 0.99 (0.68–1.42) | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) | 0.715 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 0.77 (0.53–1.15) | 1.00 (0.69–1.44) | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) | 0.687 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 1.04 (0.70–1.54) | 1.39 (0.96–2.02) | 1.46 (1.00–2.12) | 0.035 | |
| 22:0 | Median (%) | 0.46 | 1.48 | 1.74 | 2.07 | |
| Cases/person years | 57/3207 | 59/3363 | 55/3386 | 45/3552 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 1.06 (0.74–1.53) | 1.08 (0.75–1.57) | 0.93 (0.63–1.39) | 0.803 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 1.06 (0.73–1.53) | 1.09 (0.75–1.58) | 0.97 (0.65–1.45) | 0.939 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 1.53 (1.05–2.22) | 1.61 (1.10–2.36) | 1.48 (0.99–2.22) | 0.061 | |
| 24:0 | Median (%) | 3.86 | 4.53 | 5.09 | 6.18 | |
| Cases/person years | 57/3392 | 53/3242 | 52/3328 | 54/3546 | ||
| Model 1 b | 1 (reference) | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) | 0.94 (0.64–1.36) | 1.04 (0.71–1.51) | 0.923 | |
| Model 2 c | 1 (reference) | 1.01 (0.70–1.47) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | 0.755 | |
| Model 3 d | 1 (reference) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 1.08 (0.74–1.56) | 0.913 | |
Abbreviations: 14-carbon tail, zero double bonds (14:0), myristic acid; 16:0, palmitic acid; 18:0, stearic acid; 20:0, arachidic acid; 22:0, behenic acid; 24:0, lignoceric acid; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, hazard ratio; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SFAs, saturated fatty acids; TG, triglycerides. a Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were calculated for Q2 to Q4 of the erythrocyte SFAs compared with Q1. b Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and ratio of waist to hip circumference. c Model 2: included covariates in model 1 plus smoking status, alcohol drinking, tea drinking, education level, household income, physical activity, family history of diabetes, and total energy intake. d Model 3: included covariates in model 2 plus LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and fasting glucose levels.