Table 4.
Changes in food groups from baseline to 3 and 12 months.
| Food Group | Baseline | 3 Months (Difference) | 12 Months (Difference) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG (Advice + Application) Mean ± SD |
CG (Advice) Mean ± SD |
IG (Advice + Application) Mean (95% CI) |
CG (Advice) Mean (95% CI) |
IG (Advice + Application) Mean (95% CI) |
CG (Advice) Mean (95% CI) |
|
| Vegetables (g/day) | 294.4 ± 160.4 | 299.1 ± 171.1 | 12.0 (−4.0 to 8.1) | 7.1 (−7.7 to 22.0) | −6.5 (−25.4 to 12.3) | 5.6 (−13.2 to 24.3) |
| Fresh fruit (g/day) | 356.3 ± 214.8 | 361.5 ± 235.2 | 14.9 (−12.6 to 42.4) | 7.4 (−15.4 to 30.1) | 14.0 (−14.5 to 42.5) | −1.3 (−27.9 to 25.3) |
| Whole-grains (g/day) | 28.3 ± 58.5 | 26.2 ± 57.5 | 4.5 (−0.4 to 9.4) | −0.5 (−5.2 to 4.2) | 0.7 (−5.3 to 6.8) | −1.0 (−6.3 to 4.3) |
| Pulses (g/day) | 25.6 ± 15.2 | 25.1 ± 14.3 | 0.1 (−1.6 to 1.8) | −1.0 (−2.5 to 0.5) | 2.1 (−0.16 to 4.3) | 0.5 (−1.3 to 2.3) |
| Olive oil (g/day) | 25.0 ± 16.0 | 24.2 ± 17.0 | −1.3 (−3.0 to 0.5) | 0.0 (−1.7 to 1.8) | 0.8 (−1.3 to 2.9) | 1.1 (−0.8 to 3.0) |
| Fish (g/day) | 110.4 ± 59.3 | 116.7 ± 62.5 | 6.9 (−0.7 to 14.5) | 4.9 (−3.6 to 13.3) | −3.4 (−10.5 to 3.8) | −1.5 (−8.8 to 5.8) |
| Nuts (g/day) | 13.4 ± 18.9 | 14.3 ± 20.7 | 1.4 (−0.7 to 3.5) | 1.9 (−0.3 to 4.0) | 0.4 (−2.0 to 2.9) | 1.0 (−1.2 to 3.3) |
| Dairy (g/day) | 388.7 ± 209.9 | 379.6 ± 225.3 | 6.9 (−13.0 to 26.9) | −15.0 (−34.5 to 4.4) | −9.5 (−32.3 to 13.4) | 1.7 (−20.6 to 23.9) |
| Industrial pastries (g/day) | 32.1 ± 40.8 | 32.6 ± 46.0 | −3.4 (−7.0 to 0.1) | −5.3 (−9.5 to −1.1) * | −4.0 (−8.3 to 0.3) | −1.9 (−6.8 to 2.9) |
| Red meat (g/day) | 68.9 ± 47.0 | 66.6 ± 44.2 | −4.3 (−9.0 to 0.5) | −6.3 (−10.9 to −1.7) ** | −8.2 (−13.5 to −3.0) ** | −5.7 (−10.4 to −1.0) * |
| White meat (g/day) | 71.3 ± 49.1 | 65.8 ± 41.0 | −2.0 (−8.2 to 4.2) | 3.0 (−1.5 to 7.6) | −7.4 (−12.6 to −2.2) ** | −1.1 (−5.4 to 3.2) |
| Processed meat (g/day) | 36.5 ± 29.0 | 33.0 ± 24.7 | −4.3 (−7.4 to −1.2) ** | −4.6 (−6.8 to −2.4) ** | −9.1 (−11.9 to −6.2) ** | −3.0 (−5.7 to −0.4) * |
| Ready-made food (g/day) | 14.6 ± 19.4 | 13.9 ± 19.2 | −1.0 (−2.8 to 0.8) | −1.4 (−3.1 to 0.2) | −1.7 (−3.7 to 0.4) | −2.0 (−3.8 to −0.2) * |
IG: intervention group; CG: control group; CI: confidence interval; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.