Table 2.

Summary of gene-diet interactions between physiologically relevant variables of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and dietary fat intake associated with blood lipids.

Gene	Locus	Protein Function	Previous Nutrient-Gene Interaction with Blood Lipids	SNP	Function of Variant	Risk Allele	MAF Global
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
CETP	16q13	Facilitates the exchange of cholesterol esters for TG between lipoproteins in circulation	Total fat and TG [98]; total fat and TG [108]	rs5882	Missense variant	G	0.37
ABCA1	9q31.1	HDL-C bound protein that transports intracellular cholesterol onto HDL-C	Total fat and HDL [109]	rs9282541	Missense variant	T	0.01
			SFA and TG [108]	rs2230806	Missense variant	T	0.32
LIPC	15q21.3	Hepatic triglyceride lipase, also involved in lipoprotein uptake	SFA and HDL, TG [98]; total fat and HDL [110]	rs1800588	Intron variant in promotor region, associated with lowered LIPC activity	T	0.29
APOA1	11q23.3	Predominant apolipoprotein on HDL; activator of LCAT	SFA, total fat, and TC [108]	rs670	Upstream intronic variant	T	0.18
			Total fat and HDL [108]	rs5070	Intron variant	G	0.44
Cellular Lipid Uptake Pathway
APOE	19q13.32	Present on TG-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL)	Total fat, SFA, and HDL [98]	rs405509	Upstream variant in promoter region	T	0.47
CD36	7q21.11	Scavenger receptor, binds to oxidized LDL and LCFA.	Oily fish (n-3 PUFA) and HDL [40]	rs6969989	Intron variant	G	0.33
LPL	8p21.3	Hydrolyzes TG to allow fatty acids from lipoproteins into circulation	Total fat and HDL [33,110]	rs328	Nonsense variant	G	0.10
Lipid/Lipoprotein Formation Pathway
APOA5	11q23.3	Present on HDL particles, stimulates LPL, major determinant of plasma TG concentrations	Total fat and TC, LDL, HDL [96];	rs964184	3’ untranslated region (UTR) variant	G	0.22
			Total fat and TG [90]	rs662799	Upstream variant in promoter region	G	0.16
FADS Complex	11q12-13.1	Desaturation of long-chain fatty acids	n-3, n-6 PUFAs and HDL [111]; alpha-linolenic acid and non-HDL cholesterol [112]	rs174546	3’ UTR variant	T	0.28
MLXIPL	7q11.23	Activates carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein and promotes hepatic TG synthesis	Mediterranean diet and TG [113]	rs3812316	Missense variant	G	0.11
PPARA	22q13.31	Nuclear receptor in liver, ligand for PUFAs	n-3 PUFA and TC, LDL	rs6008259	Non-coding transcript variant	A	0.32
			n-6 PUFA and TC, LDL [114]	rs3892755	Non-coding transcript variant	A	0.09