Figure 5.

Effects of HN or NAC on the expression levels of phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK family proteins in NMDA-induced toxicity. (a) Representative Immunoblots and (b) densitometry histograms depicting NMDA induced upregulation of p-JNK, and (c) p-p38 MAPK proteins and their attenuation by HN or NAC. However, no significant changes were found in total forms. β-actin was used as a loading control. UP: unrelated peptide; MK: MK-801; NAC: N-Acetyl-l-cysteine. Each value represents the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 vs. control group, # p < 0.05 vs. NMDA group, and & p < 0.05 vs. HN + NMDA group.