Figure 4.

Osteoclast precursor proliferation by macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)/c-Fms-mediated monophasic activation of MAPKs and osteoclast differentiation by receptor activator for nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL)/RANK-mediated biphasic activation of MAPKs. Arrows indicate activation of the signaling pathways, a solid line indicates the plasma membrane, and a dotted line indicates the nuclear membrane of osteoclast precursors. Green color means the signaling pathway induced by M-CSF and red color means the signaling pathway induced by RANKL.