Table 3.
Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis * | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of Coffee Consumption | Tinnitus | Tinnitus-Related Annoyance | Tinnitus | Tinnitus-Related Annoyance | ||||
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age 19–39 | ||||||||
Rarely | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Monthly | 0.99 (0.71, 1.39) | 0.9688 | 0.81 (0.42, 1.57) | 0.5382 | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 0.6366 | 0.94 (0.48, 1.84) | 0.8541 |
Weekly | 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) | 0.9129 | 0.56 (0.33, 0.95) | 0.0298 | 1.05 (0.81, 1.37) | 0.7013 | 0.58 (0.34, 1.01) | 0.0529 |
Daily | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) | 0.0186 | 0.72 (0.48, 1.07) | 0.1043 | 0.80 (0.63 ,1.00) | 0.0548 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.16) | 0.2035 |
Age 40–64 | ||||||||
Rarely | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Monthly | 0.89 (0.64, 1.24) | 0.4998 | 0.75 (0.43, 1.31) | 0.3159 | 0.92 (0.65, 1.29) | 0.6210 | 0.75 (0.42, 1.35) | 0.3376 |
Weekly | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) | 0.4892 | 0.96 (0.66, 1.41) | 0.8349 | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) | 0.8249 | 1.07 (0.72, 1.60) | 0.7322 |
Daily | 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.0357 | 0.76 (0.55, 1.03) | 0.0795 | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.3066 | 0.92 (0.66, 1.29) | 0.6464 |
Age ≥ 65 | ||||||||
Rarely | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Monthly | 0.99 (0.64, 1.52) | 0.9463 | 0.84 (0.48, 1.48) | 0.5530 | 1.02 (0.63, 1.65) | 0.9417 | 0.94 (0.49, 1.78) | 0.8446 |
Weekly | 0.72 (0.53, 0.98) | 0.0357 | 0.68 (0.46, 1.01) | 0.0582 | 0.71 (0.51, 1.00) | 0.0514 | 0.74 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.1881 |
Daily | 0.82 (0.65, 1.05) | 0.1109 | 0.63 (0.46, 0.85) | 0.0026 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.24) | 0.6899 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 0.1355 |
* Adjusted for age, sex, education, parents’ education, perceived stress, exposure to indoor secondhand smoke, current smoking, heavy drinking, drinking-related problem, menopause, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anemia, kidney failure, thyroid disorder, tympanic membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, otitis media with effusion, and hearing loss.