Figure 4.

(i) Mechanisms of AR ERα mediated gene transcription in AR+ve ERα +ve breast cancer. Many studies have reported on the dynamic relationship between ER and AR DNA binding and direct interactions in breast cancer. AR and ERα can transcriptionally regulate each other through heterodimerization and binding to the same DNA sequence. AR ER target gene transcription is also influenced by the level of steroid present and overexpression of receptors. (ii) Mechanisms of androgen mediated signaling reported in ERα negative Her2 amplified breast cancer studies. In triple negative breast cancer with Her2 amplification, androgens appear to initiate 2^nd messenger signaling cascades. This often results in a feedback loop and in this way drives tumor progression.