Table 4.
Data on blood pressure and on laboratory investigation.
| Cocoa group (n = 17) | Placebo group (n = 18) | P Baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | p | Baseline | Week 12 | p | ||
| Blood pressure | |||||||
| Systolic (mmHg) $ | 139.1 ± 3.2 | 138.5 ± 3.7 | ns c | 141.6 ± 4.2 | 140.4 ± 4.1 | ns c | ns a |
| Diastolic (mmHg) $ | 78.1 ± 2.9 | 78.2 ± 2.4 | ns c | 79.1 ± 1.8 | 78.2 ± 2.6 | ns c | ns a |
| Glucose metabolism | |||||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 0.2 | ns c | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.2 | ns c | ns a |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 46.5 (43.2; 49.7) | 46.5(41.0; 50.8) | ns d | 47.5(44.3; 55.2) | 48.6(43.2; 53.0) | ns d | ns b |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 99.6 ± 11.0 | 83.1 ± 9.0 | ns c | 89.6 ± 10.1 | 91.8 ± 7.7 | ns c | ns a |
| HOMA-IR | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | ns c | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | ns c | ns a |
| Lipid status | |||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | ns c | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | ns c | ns a |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | ns c | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | ns c | ns a |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) # | 1.3(1.2; 1.5) | 1.4(1.2; 1.8) | ns c | 1.3(1.1; 1.4) | 1.2(1.2; 1.4) | ns c | ns a |
| LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | ns c | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | ns c | ns a |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) # | 1.3(0.9; 1.9) | 1.4(0.9; 1.8) | ns c | 1.8(1.3; 2.3) | 1.5(1.1; 2.0) | ns c | ns a |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) | 61.0 ± 3.8 | 61.0 ± 3.8 | ns c | 61.0 ± 3.1 | 61.0 ± 3.1 | ns c | ns a |
Data: Means ± standard error of the means (SEMs) or medians (25th-percentile; 75th-percentile); a t-test for unpaired samples, b Mann–Whitney U test, c t-test for paired samples, d Wilcoxon test; # logarithmized data used for statistical tests, $ data refer to n = 15 (cocoa group) and n = 17 (placebo group). ns: not significant. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.