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. 2018 Sep 24;7(10):300. doi: 10.3390/jcm7100300

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cumulative survival curves of mortality risks with respect to different concentration groups of galectin-3 and VCAM-1 after adjusting for galectin-3, VCAM-1, albumin, age, CRP, nPCR, and smoking during follow-up. (A) The group with combined higher concentrations of galectin-3 (>29.5 ng/mL) and VCAM-1 (>1546.9 ng/mL) showed higher risks for all-cause mortality as compared to the reference group (galectin-3 < 29.5 ng/mL and VCAM-1 < 1546.9 ng/mL). (B) The group with combined higher concentrations of galectin-3 (>29.5 ng/mL) and VCAM-1 (>1546.9 ng/mL) showed greater CV mortality risks as compared to the reference group (galectin-3 < 29.5 ng/mL and VCAM-1 < 1546.9 ng/mL). The interaction analysis between serum galectin-3 and VCAM-1 remained statistically significant for all-cause mortality (p < 0.01) and CV mortality (p = 0.039), respectively. VCAM-1 = vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; CRP = C-reactive protein; nPCR = normalized protein catabolic rate.