AMPA	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (agonist of the AMPA receptor)
ASK1	Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
AKT	protein kinase B
ATG13	autophagy-related protein 13
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
Cdc42	cell division control protein 42 homolog
CNS	central nervous system
CSF-1	colony stimulating factor 1
ERK1/2	extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
GPCR	G protein-coupled receptors
HMGB1	high mobility group protein 1
IL-1β	interleukin 1β
JIP1	JNK interacting protein 1
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LBs	Lewy bodies
L-DOPA	L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
LRRK2	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
LTD	long-term depression
MAP kinase	mitogen activated protein kinase
MEK3 and 6	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 and 6
MEKK1–3	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 to 3
MLK2/3	mixed lineage kinases 2/3
MN9D	cell line used as a model of dopaminergic neurons
MNK	MAPK interacting protein kinase
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MPP+	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
MSK	mitogen and stress activated protein kinase
NGF	neurite growth factor
NMDA	N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid
NO	nitric oxide
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
PD	Parkinson’s disease
LTP	long-term potentiation
TH	tyrosine hydroxylase
Rac1	GTPase, member of the Rho family
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RTKs	receptor tyrosine kinases
RSK	ribosomal S6 kinase
SN	substantia nigra
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
TAK1	transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1
TAO1/2	thousand and one amino acid kinases 1/2
TFAM	mitochondrial transcription factor A
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
Tpl2	tumor progression locus 2 kinase
UNC51-like kinase-1	serine/threonine kinase involved in the autophagic cascade
NFAT	nuclear factor of activated T-cells
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase